解决MySQL会出现中文乱码问题的方法

来源：UU财经

很显然，当插入中文的时候报错，原因在哪呢？

 mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%';
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | Variable_name | Value |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | character_set_client | utf8 |
 | character_set_connection | utf8 |
 | character_set_database | latin1 |
 | character_set_filesystem | binary |
 | character_set_results | utf8 |
 | character_set_server | latin1 |
 | character_set_system | utf8 |
 | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+

character_set_client 客户端使用的字符编码
character_set_connection 数据库链接使用的编码
character_set_database 数据库使用的字符编码
原来是字符编码与服务端、数据库的编码不统一而造成的。

2、MySQL会出现中文乱码的解决方法
方法一：设置names

 mysql> set names latin1;
 
 mysql> set names latin1;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
 mysql> select * from test;
 Empty set (0.00 sec)
 
 mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然');
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
 
 mysql> select * from test;
 +------+-----------+
 | id | name |
 +------+-----------+
 | 1 | 宋蔚然 |
 +------+-----------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

再来看一下字符集的设置

 mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%';
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | Variable_name | Value |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | character_set_client | latin1 |
 | character_set_connection | latin1 |
 | character_set_database | latin1 |
 | character_set_filesystem | binary |
 | character_set_results | latin1 |
 | character_set_server | latin1 |
 | character_set_system | utf8 |
 | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+

字符编码统一就不会出现乱码。
解决乱码问题其实就是将客户端的字符编码与服务端、数据库的编码统一。这里的服务端与数据库编码都是latin1，所有set names latin1即可临时解决乱码问题。

方法二：修改数据库配置文件字符集为UTF8
UTF8支持很多语言体系，因此在生产中强烈建议将字符编码设置UTF8。打开数据库的配置文件，分别在[client]，[mysql]，[mysqld]下添加如下内容。

 #vi /mysql/data/3306/my.cnf
 
 [client]
 default-character-set=utf8
 
 [mysql]
 default-character-set=utf8
 
 [mysqld]
 default-storage-engine=INNODB
 character-set-server=utf8
 collation-server=utf8_general_ci

重启数据库

 [root@test ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

重写创建库和表

 mysql> create database test;
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
 mysql> use test;
 Database changed
 mysql> create table test(id int,name varchar(10));
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
 
 mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然');
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
 mysql> select * from test;
 +------+-----------+
 | id | name |
 +------+-----------+
 | 1 | 宋蔚然 |
 +------+-----------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

再来看一下字符集的设置

 mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%';
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | Variable_name | Value |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | character_set_client | utf8 |
 | character_set_connection | utf8 |
 | character_set_database | utf8 |
 | character_set_filesystem | binary |
 | character_set_results | utf8 |
 | character_set_server | utf8 |
 | character_set_system | utf8 |
 | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+

1、MySQL会出现中文乱码的原因
当我们在使用MySQL数据库的时候，经常会碰到乱码的问题，看下面的代码。

 mysql> create table test(id int,name varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

 mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然');
 ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xE5\xAE\x8B\xE8\x94\x9A...' for column 'name' at row 1
 mysql>

很显然，当插入中文的时候报错，原因在哪呢？

 mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%';
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | Variable_name | Value |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | character_set_client | utf8 |
 | character_set_connection | utf8 |
 | character_set_database | latin1 |
 | character_set_filesystem | binary |
 | character_set_results | utf8 |
 | character_set_server | latin1 |
 | character_set_system | utf8 |
 | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+

2、MySQL会出现中文乱码的解决方法
方法一：设置names

 mysql> set names latin1;
 
 mysql> set names latin1;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
 mysql> select * from test;
 Empty set (0.00 sec)
 
 mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然');
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
 
 mysql> select * from test;
 +------+-----------+
 | id | name |
 +------+-----------+
 | 1 | 宋蔚然 |
 +------+-----------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

再来看一下字符集的设置

 mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%';
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | Variable_name | Value |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | character_set_client | latin1 |
 | character_set_connection | latin1 |
 | character_set_database | latin1 |
 | character_set_filesystem | binary |
 | character_set_results | latin1 |
 | character_set_server | latin1 |
 | character_set_system | utf8 |
 | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+

 #vi /mysql/data/3306/my.cnf
 
 [client]
 default-character-set=utf8
 
 [mysql]
 default-character-set=utf8
 
 [mysqld]
 default-storage-engine=INNODB
 character-set-server=utf8
 collation-server=utf8_general_ci

重启数据库

 [root@test ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

重写创建库和表

 mysql> create database test;
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
 mysql> use test;
 Database changed
 mysql> create table test(id int,name varchar(10));
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
 
 mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然');
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
 mysql> select * from test;
 +------+-----------+
 | id | name |
 +------+-----------+
 | 1 | 宋蔚然 |
 +------+-----------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

再来看一下字符集的设置

 mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%';
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | Variable_name | Value |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+
 | character_set_client | utf8 |
 | character_set_connection | utf8 |
 | character_set_database | utf8 |
 | character_set_filesystem | binary |
 | character_set_results | utf8 |
 | character_set_server | utf8 |
 | character_set_system | utf8 |
 | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
 +--------------------------+----------------------------+